Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump in demand for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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