Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in recent times to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such seeing that air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid entirely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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