Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control of computer.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range regarding cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump popular for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
From left to right Borgward Isabella TS, Hansa 1500 and Lloyd
With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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