Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the company's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid in full, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared within Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range connected with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump popular for imported cars during 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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