Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its size, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Foto Borgward al Salone di Francoforte 2015, Foto Saloni dell39;auto
At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
Retour de Borgward : le suspense continue jusqu’en septembre
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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