Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
Voici ciaprès les résultats des difficiles délibérations dujury:
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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