Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the actual creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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