Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from companies he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further a single million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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