Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for your life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any company in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars during 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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