Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the creditors were paid fully, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the business's demise. The widest range of cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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