Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
1962 Simca Bertone Classic Automobiles
The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from companies he had acquired over the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid in full, there was still several. 5 million Marks left from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars during 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied law at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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