Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such while air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after this creditors were paid in full, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television stories. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump in demand for imported cars during 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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