Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such seeing that air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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