Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the company's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the company's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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