Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for your life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the company's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit with a North American slump sought after for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment this senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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