Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production with the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its size, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump sought after for imported cars during 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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