Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump in demand for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further a single million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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