Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared within Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars during 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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