Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the actual creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump in demand for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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