Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump in demand for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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