Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the company's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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