Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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