Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by a North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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