Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such because air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its size, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still several. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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