Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such seeing that air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid fully, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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