Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the company's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Retour de Borgward : le suspense continue jusqu’en septembre
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
Retour de Borgward : le suspense continue jusqu’en septembre
With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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