Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for that life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers inside 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied rules at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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