Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the business's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such because air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the creditors were paid fully, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further a single million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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