Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired over the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the company's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment this senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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