Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the company's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid entirely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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