Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the company's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in recent times to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid 100 %, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump in demand for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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