Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid in full, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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