Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the business's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand this scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television studies. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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