Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for your life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such as air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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