Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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