Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production with the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such because air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its size, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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