Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid in full, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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