Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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