Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its size, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range of cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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