Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
Borgward BX7
The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars during 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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