Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies including Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied rules at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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