Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from companies he had acquired over the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump sought after for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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