Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for your life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after this creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
SCANDINAVIE, L39;APPEL DU NORD
With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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