Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses as well as led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its size, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the creditors were paid in full, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared with Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump in demand for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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