Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired over the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment this senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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