Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such seeing that air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid in full, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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