Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the business's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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